Introduction to Literary Chinese - Lesson 4, Text 3
Adapted from the 1927 book by J. Brandt
Grammatical section.
B. 平等 -- Equalizing particles
The equalizing particles indicate that a quality, state, or action relate to two or several objects in the same degree.
These particles are:
皆 均 俱 等 並 概 咸 悉
Examples of using the equalizing particles:
① 四海之内皆兄弟也
All within the four seas are brothers.
② 土皆是王地
Every inch of ground is the emperor's territory.
③ 老少皆在
Old and young, all are there.
④ 自古皆有死
From of old, all have possessed mortality.
⑤ 商均有益
The merchants will all have their profit.
⑥ 田禾均遭淹沒
Fields and grain were all drowned.
⑦ 生意之人均不敢來城買賣
All the men of commerce do not dare to come to the city to trade.
⑧ 西各國俱無此例
As for each each country in the west, none have this law.
⑨ 民教俱各相安
The common people and the Chinese converts to Christianity were all on friendly terms.
⑩ 禾苗俱在水中
The sprouts of grain are all in water from the flood.
⑪ 晝夜等長
Day and night are of equal length.
⑫ 不等
Not of the same kind.
⑬ 並重
Equally heavy.
⑭ 並頭與足
Both head and feet.
⑮ 各省教案同時並起
Missionary cases all occurred at the same time in all the provinces.
⑯ 一切兵器概屬違禁。不准販運
Weapons of war of every kind are all classed as contraband goods, and they do not permit trade in them.
⑰ 萬邦咸寧
The myriad nations are all at peace.
⑱ 幼長咸集
Young and old, all assembled together.
⑲ 天下之人悉聽朕言
Let all the world's people listen our words!